2026-03-18 REL RCSB INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY INITIAL_RELEASE REPOSITORY RCSB RCSB 2025-05-08 2026-03-18 2026-03-18 2026-03-18 Welch Foundation I-2218-20240404 United States Welch Foundation I-2246-20250403 United States National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS) R00GM141261 United States National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS) R01GM155152 United States Kober DL Wang J Mitochondrial Ribosome 28S pre-initiation complex, RIBOSOME Shen S Xu Y Kober DL Wang J Nat Commun UK 2026 2041-1723 EMD-70533 other EM volume 9ojm FULLOVERLAP EMDB EMD-70533 other EM volume EMDB EMD-70544 associated EM volume

human 28S PIC

Human mitochondrial 28S PIC with tRNA and mtIF2 Human mitochondrial 28S PIC with tRNA and mtIF2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Homo sapiens Small ribosomal subunit protein mS34 Homo sapiens 0.025336084 1 LEVO KKVRPRLIAELARRVRALREQLNRPRDSQLYAVDYETLTRPFSGRRLPVRAWADVRRESRLLQLLGRLPLFGLGRLVTRK SWLWQHDEPCYWRLTRVRPDYTAQNLDHGKAWGILTFKGKTESEAREIEHVMYHDWRLVPKHEEEAFTAFTPAPEDSLAS VPYPPLLRAMIIAERQKNGDTSTEEPMLNVQRIRMEPWDYPAKQEDKGRAKGTPV P82930 Small ribosomal subunit protein mS35 Homo sapiens 0.032156937999999996 1 LEVO RPPRRKALPPRTEKMAVDQDWPSVYPVAAPFKPSAVPLPVRMGYPVKKGVPMAKEGNLELLKIPNFLHLTPVAIKKHCEA LKDFCTEWPAALDSDEKCEKHFPIEIDSTDYVSSGPSVRNPRARVVVLRVKLSSLNLDDHAKKKLIKLVGERYCKTTDVL TIKTDRCPLRRQNYDYAVYLLTVLYHESWNTEEWEKSKTEADMEEYIWENSSSERNILETLLQMKAAEKNMEINKEELLG TKEIEEYKKSVVSLKNEEENENSISQYKESVKRLLNVT P82673 Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 1 Homo sapiens 0.013498818999999999 1 LEVO MATPSLRGRLARFGNPRKPVLKPNKPLILANRVGERRREKGEATCITEMSVMMACWKQNEFRDDACRKEIQGFLDCAARA QEARKMRSIQETLGESGSLLPNKLNKLLQRFPNKPYLS Q96BP2 Small ribosomal subunit protein mS38 Homo sapiens 0.008936875 1 LEVO KNVLKIRRRKMNHHKYRKLVKKTRFLRRKVQEGRLRRKQIKFEKDLRRIWLKAGLKEAPEGWQTPKIYLRG Q9NWT8 Small ribosomal subunit protein mS39 Homo sapiens 0.07098415599999999 1 LEVO EEVVIPKKKTWDKVAVLQALASTVNRDTTAVPYVFQDDPYLMPASSLESRSFLLAKKSGENVAKFIINSYPKYFQKDIAE PHIPCLMPEYFEPQIKDISEAALKERIELRKVKASVDMFDQLLQAGTTVSLETTNSLLDLLCYYGDQEPSTDYHFQQTGQ SEALEEENDETSRRKAGHQFGVTWRAKNNAERIFSLMPEKNEHSYCTMIRGMVKHRAYEQALNLYTELLNNRLHADVYTF NALIEATVCAINEKFEEKWSKILELLRHMVAQKVKPNLQTFNTILKCLRRFHVFARSPALQVLREMKAIGIEPSLATYHH IIRLFDQPGDPLKRSSFIIYDIMNELMGKRFSPKDPDDDKFFQSAMSICSSLRDLELAYQVHGLLKTGDNWKFIGPDQHR NFYYSKFFDLICLMEQIDVTLKWYEDLIPSAYFPHSQTMIHLLQALDVANRLEVIPKIWKDSKEYGHTFRSDLREEILML MARDKHPPELQVAFADCAADIKSAYESQPIRQTAQDWPATSLNCIAILFLRAGRTQEAWKMLGLFRKHNKIPRSELLNEL MDSAKVSNSPSQAIEVVELASAFSLPICEGLTQRVMSDFAINQEQKEALSNLTALT Q96EY7 RNA (71-MER) Homo sapiens 0.022664497999999998 1 AGUAAGGUCAGCUAAAUAAGCUAUCGGGCCCAUACCCCGAAAAUGUUGGUUAUACCCUUCCCGUACUACCA LC530718.1 mRNA (5'-R(P*AP*UP*GP*U)-3') Homo sapiens 0.001241786 1 AUGU Translation initiation factor IF-2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.06316917999999999 1 LEVO DKVRKNKDAVRRPQADPALLTPRSPVVTIMGHVDHGKTTLLDKFRKTQVAAVETGGITQHIGAFLVSLPSGEKITFLDTP GHAAFSAMRARGAQVTDIVVLVVAADDGVMKQTVESIQHAKDAQVPIILAVNKCDKAEADPEKVKKELLAYDVVCEDYGG DVQAVPVSALTGDNLMALAEATVALAEMLELKADPNGPVEGTVIESFTDKGRGLVTTAIIQRGTLRKGSVLVAGKCWAKV RLMFDENGKTIDEAYPSMPVGITGWRDLPSAGEEILEVESEPRAREVVDWRKYEQEQEKGQEDLKIIEEKRKEHKEAHQK AREKYGHLLWKKRSILRFLERKEQIPLKPKEKRERDSNVLSVIIKGDVDGSVEAILNIIDTYDASHECELELVHFGVGDV SANDVNLAETFDGVIYGFNVNAGNVIQQSAAKKGVKIKLHKIIYRLVEDLQEELSSRLPCAVEEHPVGEASILATFSVTE GKKKVPVAGCRVQKGQLEKQKKFKLTRNGHVIWKGSLTSLKHHKDDISIVKTGMDCGLSLDEDNMEFQVGDRIVCYEEKQ IQAKTSWDPGF P46199 12S mitochondrial RNA Homo sapiens 0.306547531 1 AAUAGGUUUGGUCCUAGCCUUUCUAUUAGCUCUUAGUAAGAUUACACAUGCAAGCAUCCCCGUUCCAGUGAGUUCACCCU CUAAAUCACCACGAUCAAAAGGGACAAGCAUCAAGCACGCAGCAAUGCAGCUCAAAACGCUUAGCCUAGCCACACCCCCA CGGGAAACAGCAGUGAUUAACCUUUAGCAAUAAACGAAAGUUUAACUAAGCUAUACUAACCCCAGGGUUGGUCAAUUUCG UGCCAGCCACCGCGGUCACACGAUUAACCCAAGUCAAUAGAAGCCGGCGUAAAGAGUGUUUUAGAUCACCCCCUCCCCAA UAAAGCUAAAACUCACCUGAGUUGUAAAAAACUCCAGUUGACACAAAAUAGACUACGAAAGUGGCUUUAACAUAUCUGAA CACACAAUAGCUAAGACCCAAACUGGGA(5MU)UAGAUACCCCACUAUGCUUAGCCCUAAACCUCAACAGUUAAAUCAAC AAAACUGCUCGCCAGAACACUACGAGCCACAGCUUAAAACUCAAAGGACCUGGCGGUGCUUCAUAUCCCUCUAGAGGAGC CUGUUCUGUAAUCGAUAAACCCCGAUCAACCUCACCACCUCUUGCUCAGCCUAUAUACCGCCAUCUUCAGCAAACCCUGA UGAAGGCUACAAAGUAAGCGCAAGUACCCACGUAAAGACGUUAGGUCAAGGUGUAGCCCAUGAGGUGGCAAGAAAUGGGC UACAUUUUCUACCCCAGAAAACUACGAUAGCCCUUAUGAAACUUAAGGGUCGAAGGUGGAUUUAGCAGUAAACUGAGAGU AGAGUGCUUAGUUGAACAGGGCCCUGAAGCGCGUACACACCG(B8T)C(5MC)GUCACCCUCCUCAAGUAUACUUCAAAG GACAUUUAACUAAAACCCCUACGCAUUUAUAUAGAGGAGACAAGUCGUAACAUGGUAAGUGUACUGG(MA6)(MA6)AGU GCACUUGGACGAACC MN849517.1 Small ribosomal subunit protein uS2m Homo sapiens 0.025988881 1 LEVO EDSTDFNDKILNEPLKHSDFFNVKELFSVRSLFDARVHLGHKAGCRHRFMEPYIFGSRLDHDIIDLEQTATHLQLALNFT AHMAYRKGIILFISRNRQFSYLIENMARDCGEYAHTRYFRGGMLTNARLLFGPTVRLPDLIIFLHTLNNIFEPHVAVRDA AKMNIPTVGIVDTNCNPCLITYPVPGNDDSPLAVHLYCRLFQTAITRAKEKRQQVEALYRLQGQK Q9Y399 28S ribosomal protein S24, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.015333756999999998 1 LEVO KNRAARVRVSKGDKPVTYEEAHAPHYIAHRKGWLSLHTGNLDGEDHAAERTVEDVFLRKFMWGTFPGCLADQLVLKRRGN QLEICAVVLRQLSPHKYYFLVGYSETLLSYFYKCPVRLHLQTVPSKVVYKYL Q96EL2 28S ribosomal protein S5, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.03891904299999999 1 LEVO SFFTKLTADELWKGALAETGAGAKKGRGKRTKKKKRKDLNRGQIIGEGRYGFLWPGLNVPLMKNGAVQTIAQRSKEEQEK VEADMIQQREEWDRKKKMKVKRERGWSGNSWGGISLGPPDPGPCGETYEDFDTRILEVRNVFTMTAKEGRKKSIRVLVAV GNGKGAAGFSIGKATDRMDAFRKAKNRAVHHLHYIERYEDHTIFHDISLRFKRTHIKMKKQPKGYGLRCHRAIITICRLI GIKDMYAKVSGSINMLSLTQGLFRGLSRQETHQQLADKKGLHVVEIREECGPLPIVVASPRGPLRKDPEPEDEVPDVKLD WEDVKTAQGMKRSVWSNLKRAAT P82675 28S ribosomal protein S6, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.013861031999999999 1 LEVO PRYELALILKAMQRPETAATLKRTIEALMDRGAIVRDLENLGERALPYRISAHSQQHNRGGYFLVDFYAPTAAVESMVEH LSRDIDVIRGNIVKHPLTQELKECEGIVPVPLAEKLYSTKKR P82932 28S ribosomal protein S7, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.024569782999999998 1 LEVO SRYSPEFKDPLIDKEYYRKPVEELTEEEKYVRELKKTQLIKAAPAGKTSSVFEDPVISKFTNMMMIGGNKVLARSLMIQT LEAVKRKQFEKYHAASAEEQATIERNPYTIFHQALKNCEPMIGLVPILKGGRFYQVPVPLPDRRRRFLAMKWMITECRDK KHQRTLMPEKLSHKLLEAFHNQGPVIKRKHDLHKMAEANRALAHYRWW Q9Y2R9 Small ribosomal subunit protein uS9m Homo sapiens 0.040136102 1 LEVO AFVIPKKNVPTSKRETYTEDFIKKQIEEFNIGKRHLANMMGEDPETFTQEDIDRAIAYLFPSGLFEKRARPVMKHPEQIF PRQRAIQWGEDGRPFHYLFYTGKQSYYSLMHDVYGMLLNLEKHQSHLQAKSLLPEKTVTRDVIGSRWLIKEELEEMLVEK LSDLDYMQFIRLLEKLLTSQCGAAEEEFVQRFRRSVTLESKKQLIEPVQYDEQGMAFSKSEGKRKTAKAEAIVYKHGSGR IKVNGIDYQLYFPITQDREQLMFPFHFVDRLGKHDVTCTVSGGGRSAQAGAIRLAMAKALCSFVTEDEVEWMRQAGLLTT DPRVRERKKPGQEGARRKFTWKKR P82933 Small ribosomal subunit protein uS10m Homo sapiens 0.016360981 1 LEVO LHVDVPKDLTKPVVTISDEPDILYKRLSVLVKGHDKAVLDSYEYFAVLAAKELGISIKVHEPPRKIERFTLLQSVHIYKK HRVQYEMRTLYRCLELEHLTGSTADVYLEYIQRNLPEGVAMEVTKTQLEQLPEHIKEPIW P82664 Small ribosomal subunit protein uS11m Homo sapiens 0.014509840999999999 1 LEVO TKFSIYPPIPGEESSLRWAGKKFEEIPIAHIKASHNNTQIQVVSASNEPLAFASCGTEGFRNAKKGTGIAAQTAGIAAAA RAKQKGVIHIRVVVKGLGPGRLSAMHGLIMGGLEVISITDNTPIPHNGCRPRKARKL P82912 28S ribosomal protein S12, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.012013163 1 LEVO ATLNQMHRLGPPKRPPRKLGPTEGRPQLKGVVLCTFTRKPKKPNSANRKCCRVRLSTGREAVCFIPGEGHTLQEHQIVLV EGGRTQDLPGVKLTVVRGKYDCGHVQKK O15235 28S ribosomal protein S14, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.012282349 1 LEVO HYVDWRMWRDVKRRKMAYEYADERLRINSLRKNTILPKILQDVADEEIAALPRDSCPVRIRNRCVMTSRPRGVKRRWRLS RIVFRHLADHGQLSGIQRATW O60783 Small ribosomal subunit protein uS15m Homo sapiens 0.020729482 1 LEVO LDDDPPPSTLLKDYQNVPGIEKVDDVVKRLLSLEMANKKEMLKIKQEQFMKKIVANPEDTRSLEARIIALSVKIRSYEEH LEKHRKDKAHKRYLLMSIDQRKKMLKNLRNTNYDVFEKICWGLGIEYTFPPLYYRRAHRRFVTKKALCIRVFQETQKLKK RRRALKAAAAAQKQ P82914 Small ribosomal subunit protein bS16m Homo sapiens 0.013438711999999998 1 LEVO KAYRGGHLTIRLALGGCTNRPFYRIVAAHNKCPRDGRFVEQLGSYDPLPNSHGEKLVALNLDRIRHWIGCGAHLSKPMEK LLGLAGFFPLHPMMITNAERLRRKRAREVLLASQKTDAE Q9Y3D3 Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17m Homo sapiens 0.012349649999999998 1 LEVO VRSSVHARWIVGKVIGTKMQKTAKVRVTRLVLDPYLLKYFNKRKTYFAHDALQQCTVGDIVLLRALPVPRAKHVKHELAE IVFKVGKVIDPVTGKPCAGTTYLESPLSSE Q9Y2R5 28S ribosomal protein S18b, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.022573775 1 LEVO PISPYKDEPWKYLESEEYQERYGSRPVWADYRRNHKGGVPPQRTRKTCIRRNKVVGNPCPICRDHKLHVDFRNVKLLEQF VCAHTGIIFYAPYTGVCVKQHKRLTQAIQKARDHGLLIYHIPQVEPRDLDFSTSHGAVSATPPAPTLVSGDPWYPWYNWK QPPERELSRLRRLYQGHLQEESGPPPESMPKMP 28S ribosomal protein S18c, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.011188229 1 LEVO SNEDLPISMENPYKEPLKKCILCGKHVDYKNVQLLSQFVSPFTGCIYGRHITGLCGKKQKEITKAIKRAQIMGFMPVTYK DPAYLKDPKVCNIRYRE 28S ribosomal protein S21, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.010764652 1 LEVO MAKHLKFIARTVMVQEGNVESAYRTLNRILTMDGLIEDIKHRRYYEKPCRRRQRESYERCRRIYNMEMARKINFLMRKNR ADPWQGC P82921 Small ribosomal subunit protein mS22 Homo sapiens 0.034251141 1 LEVO ETKKPTFMDEEVQSILTKMTGLNLQKTFKPAIQELKPPTYKLMTQAQLEEATRQAVEAAKVRLKMPPVLEERVPINDVLA EDKILEGTETTKYVFTDISYSIPHRERFIVVREPSGTLRKASWEERDRMIQVYFPKEGRKILTPIIFKEENLRTMYSQDR HVDVLNLCFAQFEPDSTEYIKVHHKTYEDIDKRGKYDLLRSTRYFGGMVWYFVNNKKIDGLLIDQIQRDLIDDATNLVQL YHVLHPDGQSAQGAKDQAAEGINLIKVFAKTEAQKGAYIELTLQTYQEALSRHSA P82650 28S ribosomal protein S23, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.015702971 1 LEVO AGSRLETVGSIFSRTRDLVRAGVLKEKPLWFDVYDAFPPLREPVFQRPRVRYGKAKAPIQDIWYHEDRIRAKFYSVYGSG QRAFDLFNPNFKSTCQRFVEKYTELQKLGETDEEKLFVETGKALLAEGVILRRVG Small ribosomal subunit protein mS25 Homo sapiens 0.019585846 1 LEVO PMKGRFPIRRTLQYLSQGNVVFKDSVKVMTVNYNTHGELGEGARKFVFFNIPQIQYKNPWVQIMMFKNMTPSPFLRFYLD SGEQVLVDVETKSNKEIMEHIRKILGKNEETLREEEEEKKQLSHPANFGPRKYCLRECICEVEGQVPCPSLVPLPKEMRG KYKAALKA P82663 Small ribosomal subunit protein mS26 Homo sapiens 0.021183116999999998 1 LEVO RKTRHDPLAKSKIERVNMPPAVDPAEFFVLMERYQHYRQTVRALRMEFVSEVQRKVHEARAGVLAERKALKDAAEHRELM AWNQAENRRLHELRIARLRQEEREQEQRQALEQARKAEEVQAWAQRKEREVLQLQEEVKNFITRENLEARVEAALDSRKN YNWAITREGLVVRPQR Q9BYN8 Small ribosomal subunit protein mS27 Homo sapiens 0.043969762 1 LEVO LLSSAYVDSHKWEAREKEHYCLADLASLMDKTFERKLPVSSLTISRLIDNISSREEIDHAEYYLYKFRHSPNCWYLRNWT IHTWIRQCLKYDAQDKALYTLVNKVQYGIFPDNFTFNLLMDSFIKKENYKDALSVVFEVMMQEAFEVPSTQLLSLYVLFH CLAKKTDFSWEEERNFGASLLLPGLKQKNSVGFSSQLYGYALLGKVELQQGLRAVYHNMPLIWKPGYLDRALQVMEKVAA SPEDIKLCREALDVLGAVLKALTSADGASEEQSQNDEDNQGSEKLVEQLDIEETEQSKLPQYLERFKALHSKLQALGKIE SEGLLSLTTQLVKEKLSTCEAEDIATYEQNLQQWHLDLVQLIQREQQQREQAKQEYQAQ Q92552 Small ribosomal subunit protein bS1m Homo sapiens 0.011263964999999999 1 LEVO NVESFASMLRHSPLTQMGPAKDKLVIGRIFHIVENDLYIDFGGKFHCVCRRPEVDGEKYQKGTRVRLRLLDLELTSRFLG ATTDTTVLEANAVLLGIQES Q9Y2Q9 Small ribosomal subunit protein mS29 Homo sapiens 0.040421258 1 LEVO AISRTNENDPAKHGDQHEGQHYNISPQDLETVFPHGLPPRFVMQVKTFSEACLMVRKPALELLHYLKNTSFAYPAIRYLL YGEKGTGKTLSLCHVIHFCAKQDWLILHIPDAHLWVKNCRDLLQSSYNKQRFDQPLEASTWLKNFKTTNERFLNQIKVQE KYVWNKRESTEKGSPLGEVVEQGITRVRNATDAVGIVLKELKRQSSLGMFHLLVAVDGINALWGRTTLKREDKSPIAPEE LALVHNLRKMMKNDWHGGAIVSALSQTGSLFKPRKAYLPQELLGKEGFDALDPFIPILVSNYNPKEFESCIQYYLENNWL QHEKAPTEEGKKELLFLSNANPSLLERHCAYL P51398 3.6.5.- 28S ribosomal protein S27, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0.017631842 1 LEVO RKNIFTGKRLNIFDMMAVTKEAPETDTSPSLWDVEFAKQLATVNEQPLQNGFEELIQWTKEGKLWEFPINNEAGFDDDGS EFHEHIFLEKHLESFPKQGPIRHFMELVTCGLSKNPYLSVKQKVEHIEWFRNYFNEKKDILKESNIQFN Small ribosomal subunit protein mS33 Homo sapiens 0.011952870999999999 1 LEVO SLSEYAFRMSRLSARLFGEVTRPTNSKSMKVVKLFSELPLAKKKETYDWYPNHHTYAELMQTLRFLGLYRDEHQDFMDEQ KRLKKLRGKEKPKKGEGKRA Q9Y291 MAGNESIUM ION 2.4305e-05 72 MG POTASSIUM ION 3.9098e-05 20 K GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE 0.0005231799999999999 1 GTP ZINC ION 6.5409e-05 1 ZN FE2/S2 (INORGANIC) CLUSTER 0.00017581999999999998 2 FES GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE 0.000443201 1 GDP ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE 0.000507181 1 ATP water 1.8015e-05 1399 HOH singleParticle particle 7.5 ETHANE TFS KRIOS FLOOD BEAM BRIGHT FIELD FIELD EMISSION GUN 300 1.2 2.5 GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) 50.0 1 PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION 2.5 FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF cryoSPARC 4.7 107666 MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD RIGID BODY FIT emd_70544_half_map_2.map.gz 1 IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) 600 600 600 0 0 0 600 600 600 495.59998 495.59998 495.59998 90.0 90.0 90.0 X Y Z -0.25382006 0.55776316 0.00015466716 0.03368078 0.826 0.826 0.826 AUTHOR ::::EMDATABANK.org::::EMD-70544:::: half map B emd_70544_half_map_1.map.gz 1 IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) 600 600 600 0 0 0 600 600 600 495.59998 495.59998 495.59998 90.0 90.0 90.0 X Y Z -0.25396097 0.60606927 0.00015766305 0.033666916 0.826 0.826 0.826 AUTHOR ::::EMDATABANK.org::::EMD-70544:::: half map A